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The circulation of clean oil in the system is an important condition for ensuring the normal operation and lubrication of equipment, and solid particles are the most common and harmful pollutants in hydraulic and lubrication systems. By detecting the particle content in the oil, not only can the reliability and service life of the system be improved, but also the accident rate can be reduced and production efficiency can be improved.
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Differences in Definition
Mechanical impurity testing: mainly targeting precipitates or suspensions in oil that are insoluble in solvents such as gasoline, ethanol, or benzene, mainly referring to mud, dust, metal debris, fibers, and certain metal salts.
Pollution level testing: mainly refers to the content and particle size distribution of solid particles in the oil, including particles that can be detected by mechanical impurities, as well as some oil oxides and even micro water content.

The difference in harm caused to the system
Mechanical impurities: During the use of oil, they can accelerate the wear of mechanical components and block the oil circuit, causing lubrication failure.
Particle pollutants: Hard particles can cause sudden equipment failure, while soft particles can deposit on the surface of the filter layer, increasing flow resistance and even causing the valve and oil cylinder to get stuck; Oil contains moisture, which can damage the lubricating oil film, deteriorate the low-temperature fluidity of the lubricating oil, block the oil circuit, and hinder the circulation and supply of lubricating oil.

Differences in equipment and testing methods used
Mechanical impurity testing: Without specialized instruments and equipment, early mechanical impurity detection was divided into two methods: day vision method and filtration method. Day vision method uses sunlight or light to visually inspect whether there are visible particles in the oil in a transparent glass beaker. The smallest particle we can see is 40 μ m, so visual method can only see particles larger than 40 μ m; The detection technology standard for filter paper filtration method is GB/T511. The principle is to take a certain amount of sample, dissolve it in the solvent used, filter and wash it with a known constant weight filter, and the impurities left on the filter are called mechanical impurities. This experimental method is purely manual operation, which is greatly influenced by human factors, and the operation is complicated and time-consuming.
Pollution level testing: The photoresist particle counter is used to measure the unit volume of liquid, in order to determine the particle pollution level and particle size distribution. The LPC series particle counter developed and produced by Honghe can be used for detecting particle content in oil products or other transparent liquids. It uses high-precision laser sensors with a wide detection range and stable performance. It can be used for bottle sampling analysis of the measured medium or connected to the measured system for continuous measurement. The measurement results can be output according to various commonly used standards such as NAS1638, ISO4406, GJB420A, GJB420A, etc. It also supports custom detection channels and allows users to freely set particle size.

The difference between testing process and results
Mechanical impurity testing: The testing process is long, and the test results are calculated according to the formula. The arithmetic mean of two repeated measurements is taken as the test result. When the content of mechanical impurities is below 0.005%, it is considered to be zero.
Pollution level testing: The testing time is short, with good repeatability and high accuracy. The pollution level is automatically determined based on the selected standards, saving time and effort.

There are more types of particles that can be measured for pollution level than mechanical impurities, making it more suitable for evaluating oil pollution in equipment that requires high cleanliness, such as hydraulic systems and steam turbines; Mechanical impurities are relatively coarse and insensitive to oils with slight pollution, making them suitable for detecting samples with a high concentration of large particles in the oil. Samples with high levels of mechanical impurities are bound to have higher levels of contamination, but samples with high levels of contamination do not necessarily have higher levels of mechanical impurities, and there is no specific correlation between the two test results.
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